We live on a world of wonders.
我们生活在一个奇妙的世界里
A place of astonishing beauty and complexity.
一个美妙而复杂的世界
There are vast oceans and incredible weather.
我们有广阔的海洋和惊人的天气
Giant mountains
巨大的高山
and stunning landscapes.
和激动人心的风景
I'm a physicist,and I'm fascinated by the way that the universal laws of nature
我是一名物理学家 我着迷于这些自然规律是如何
that made all this,also created such diverse and different worlds
造就这一切 以及创造各种各样世界
out there in the solar system.
太阳系外
I think we're living through the greatest age of discovery our civilisation has known.
我认为我们生活在一个最能够探索与发现已知文明的时代.
We've voyaged to the farthest reaches of the solar system.
我们的航天器早已到达太阳系最远的地带.
We've photographed strange new worlds,
我们已经拍下了陌生的新世界
stood in unfamiliar landscapes,tasted alien air.
站在这不熟悉的地方 呼吸着陌生的空气
But the one thing we haven't found on those worlds
但迄今我们都还没有从那些世界发现
is the thing that makes our planet unique.
一件使得地球如此独特的事
Life.
生命
But is that really true?
但是 确实是这样吗?
Is the Earth the only place in the solar system that could support life?
地球真的是太阳系中唯一能够生存的地方吗?
In this film we will search the solar system for worlds that harbour the conditions to support life.
本集 我们将探索太阳系中 支持生命的条件
What we find on these worlds may help us answer the question,are we alone in the universe?
探索这些世界或许能回答这个问题 宇宙是否只有我们
That's not only one of the great fundamental questions for science,
这不仅是一个最基本的科学问题
but one of the great unanswered questions in human history.
而且是人类历史上的难题
太阳系的奇迹
未知世界
Floating in the Sea of Cortez off the cost of Mexico is the research vessel Atlantis,
墨西哥科尔特斯海上漂浮着的 是亚特兰蒂斯号勘探船
the mother ship for the exploration of one of the most alien worlds we know.
一艘最能了解未知世界的勘探船
But it's an alien world on our planet.
但它本身对于我们来说就是个未知世界
The Atlantis is the launch vessel for Alvin,
亚特兰蒂斯上的阿尔文号
one of the world's most rugged submarines.
世界上最坚固的潜艇之一
Built like a spacecraft,
建造得像一艘宇宙飞船
it's designed to explore the deepest depths of the ocean.
它强大的设计能够探索到海洋的最深处
And I'm lucky enough to have hitched a ride down to the sea floor,
我有幸搭它的顺风车下海
two kilometres beneath the surface.
海底2公里
That has got to be the closest thing to going into space that you can do.
这是你可以做到的 最接近进入太空的事了
And,given that I'm not going to go into space any time soon,I think it's the next best thing.
况且 暂时我也没计划去太空 我觉得这是最爽的事啦
See you in eight hours.
8小时后再见
Roger,Alvin. Your checks are good. Permission to dive.
收到 阿尔文 一切正常 准许下潜
Roger. Alvin diving.
收到 下潜
The parallels to spaceflight are obvious.
跟航天器很像
As the tiny capsule descends,we are leaving the familiar world
随着小船舱下降 我们离开熟悉的世界
of the surface of our planet,and entering a strange,hostile world.
离开地球表面 进入一个陌生的世界
If anything goes wrong,we will be completely on our own.
如果发生任何差错 真的要向马克思同志报告了
MACHINE BEEPS
机器响声
Beeping is never good.
滴滴声不会有什么好事
'Fortunately,Alvin is one of only a handful of submarines
'幸运的是 阿尔文只是少数能够
'that can withstand the colossal pressure of the deep ocean.'
'承受巨大压力的深海潜艇 '
At the Earth's surface,we're used to one atmosphere of pressure.
在地球的表面 我们习惯于一个大气压的压强
As we descend,the pressure increases by another atmosphere every ten metres.
每下潜10米 这里就增加一个大气压
And it soon adds up.
加得很快
We're approaching a kilometre deep. The pressure outside there is now
我们正接近一公里深 现在外面压强是
100 atmospheres,that's higher than the atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus.
100个大气压 比金星表面的大气压都要大
Without knowing,if you were asked a question,could life exist down here,100 atmospheres,
如果问你有没有生物能在100大气压下
cold,dark no sign of sunlight at all,
在寒冷 黑暗 没有阳光
it's pitch black there,you would say no.
漆黑一片的环境生存 你也许回答说没有
Well,I would say no.
额 我也说没有
But the depths of the ocean are not lifeless.
但海洋深处并非没有生命
Illuminated by Alvin's lights,
通过阿尔文号的探照灯
we find oases of life in the deserts of the ocean floor.
我们发现 在海底的荒漠绿洲中的生命
So we have landed,after about an hour of descent.
我们降落 停留约一小时
We've just stopped in the most incredible place.
我们就停在最不可思议的地方
Look at those.
看看那些
We've landed on top of the tube worms.
我们就在管虫的上面
Amazing things.
令人惊叹啊
This underwater city is one of the most bizarre environments on our planet.
这个水下城市是我们星球上最离奇的环境之一
It's built around a hydrothermal vent,a volcanic opening in the Earth's crust
它是一个热流喷口 地壳的火山裂口
that pumps out clouds of sulphurous chemicals and water heated to nearly 300 Celsius.
泵出的硫水混合物加热到近300摄氏度
And somehow,life has found a way to thrive in these most extreme conditions.
即使是最极端的条件 生命也能蓬勃发展了
This is a genuinely remarkable place.
真正了不起的地方
There are mats,
垫状物
carpets of yellow bacteria.
地毯似的黄色细菌
Look at that. It's not only just bacterial blobs,
看那边 这不只是细菌斑点
there is real complex organisms.
而是真正的复杂有机生物体
Alien. I want to say that word,alien environment.
外星 我想说这个词 外星环境
It really is alien to us.
对我们来说真的是外星环境
For me,the fascinating thing about finding life down here
对我来说 在这里找到了迷人的生命
is that the conditions on the
深海底部的环境条件
deep ocean floor are more similar in many ways to the conditions on
类似于
worlds hundreds of millions of kilometres away out there
数亿公里外的太阳系
in the solar system than they are to the conditions just two kilometres from my head on the Earth's surface.
而这里 只离地表两公里
It's incredibly dark,there is no sunlight,
难以置信的黑暗 没有一丝阳光
there's a brutal mixture of hot and cold water,
有的只是灼寒交加的海水
and just rock and minerals.
岩石和矿物
So,if life can not only survive but even flourish in these conditions,
所以 如果生命在这里可以生存 而且可以繁衍生息
then you've got to feel that it's much more likely that life can
你会不会觉得生命也能生存在
also survive and flourish out there in the solar system.
太阳系的其他地方呢
Ever since the invention of the telescope 400 years ago,
自从400年前望远镜的发明
we have looked to our neighbouring worlds for signs of life.
我们一直寻找着我们周边世界的生命迹象
As technology has improved,we've been able to search the planets in more and more detail,
随着技术的改进 我们搜索到行星更多更详细的信息
and we have found nothing.
但依然一无所获
But that doesn't mean the rest of the solar system is dead,
但这并不意味着太阳系其他地方无生命
because we're only beginning to scratch the surface of what's out there.
因为我们才刚刚开始 揭开它的面纱
There are literally hundreds of other worlds.
这里有数以百计的外部世界
Planets and their moons which we have barely explored.
行星和它们的卫星 我们才勉强探勘到一点点
Among them may be worlds that hold the conditions to support life.
它们中或许就有符合孕育生命的条件
And the best way to find out what those conditions are
究竟是哪些条件 最好的方法就是
is to look at the one place we know life flourishes.
观察生机盎然的地方
The Earth.
地球
Life is pretty much only chemistry.
生命近似于化学反应
It's just the reactions between atoms and molecules.
它只是原子和分子间的反应
And so for life to exist,you only really need three things.
生命的存在 你只需要三样东西
First of all,you need the right chemistry set.
首先 你需要正确的化学组合
Now,I'm made of something like 40 elements,
现在 我 差不多是40种元素组成
almost half of the known elements,which is pretty complicated.
几乎是一半的已知元素 非常复杂
But actually 96% of me is only made of four of them,carbon,nitrogen,oxygen and hydrogen.
但实际上96%都是这四种元素 - 碳 氮 氧和氢
Secondly,you need a power source.
其次 你需要一个能量源
You need a battery,something to make a flow of electrons
你需要类似于电池 能制造出电子流
that powers the processes of life.
贯穿整个生命过程的能量
Now here on Earth,most life uses the power of the sun.
在地球 大多数生命都是利用太阳能
And thirdly,you need some kind of medium for life to play itself out in,
第三 你需要一些生命所需的媒介
for processes to happen.
促使其产生
And here on Earth,
在地球
you don't have to look very far at all to find that medium,that solvent.
你不用看很远就能发现在所有媒介中 最符合的
Because it's this,water.
就是它 水
If you want to see how important water is to life,
如果你想看看水对生命的重要性
there's no better place to come than the Atacama desert in Chile.
智利的阿塔卡马沙漠是你最好的去处
The soil here is more sterile than a hospital operating theatre.
这里的土壤都比医院手术室卫生(无菌)
In fact,scientists have looked for the most basic form of life,bacteria,
事实上 科学家在这里寻找生命的最基本形态 细菌
in some parts of the Atacama,and they found absolutely nothing.
阿塔卡马的一些地区 根本找不到
All deserts are characterised by a lack of moisture.
沙漠的特点就是水分缺乏
But the Atacama takes that to the extremes.
但阿塔卡马更为极端
The Sahara is 50 times wetter than the Atacama.
撒哈拉都比阿塔卡马湿润50倍
There are weather stations here that have measured 1mm of rainfall in 10 years.
这里的气象站实测10年的降雨量 仅为1毫米
There are river valleys that have been dry for 120,000 years.
有的河流已干涸12万年之久
There are rocks that haven't seen rainfall for 20 million years.
有些岩石2000万年都没见过雨了
It's this dryness that explains why nothing can survive here.
正是这种极端的干燥 导致这里没有任何东西可以生存
Even the most primitive form of life on Earth,the bacteria,
即使是地球上最原始形态的细菌
need water for their survival.
有水才能活下去
And there are no exceptions.
无一例外
And this seemingly fundamental link between water and life
似乎正是这种水和生命的根本关系
is driving the search for life out there in the solar system.
推动着我们在太阳系寻找生命
Because,wherever we find water,
因为 不管在哪里找到水
that will be the best place to look for life beyond the Earth.
那里就是寻找地外生命的最佳地点
The Earth is the only planet that currently has liquid water on its surface.
地球是唯一一颗在其表面有液态水的行星
The other planets are either too close to the sun,
其他行星要么太接近太阳
like Mercury,and baked dry.
像水星 都烤焦了
Or they are too far away.
要么就是离得太远
Saturn's rings are made of water,but in the depths of space,it's frozen into lumps of solid ice.
土星环由水构成 但在空间深处 冻结成冰块
But that doesn't mean that liquid water has never existed elsewhere in the solar system.
但这不代表液态水没有在太阳系其他地方出现过
And if it has,we should be able to find the evidence,
如果有的话 我们应该能够找到证据
because wherever water goes,it leaves its footprints.
因为有水的地方 会留下它的足迹
These are the Scablands,a remote part of the North Western United States.
这里是"疤谷" 美国西北部的偏远地区
It's one of the most spectacular places to come to see how water
它是最壮观的地方之一 去看看
carves its signature into the landscape.
水是如何在这风景中雕刻上自己的签名
The largest flood on Earth went through this area here.
地球最大的洪水曾流经这里
Jim Rice is an astro-geologist. He believes that understanding the events that created this landscape
吉姆赖斯是一位天文地质学家 他认为 某件大事件
can help in the search for water on other planets.
创造了这个景观 可以帮助在其他星球上对水的搜索
We are kind of like CSI arriving at the scene of a crime,this is the evidence left here.
我们像探员 抵达犯罪现场 查找遗留下的证据
We've come to piece it together. I can see this is not a normal river system.
我们把它们放到一起 貌似这不是一个正常的河流系统
You can see,because it is so straight.
的确 它太笔直了
There is no meandering of a river here,it's just a big hole.
不像是河流蜿蜒在这里 它只是一个大洞
This entire landscape was created at the end of the last Ice Age.
这整个景观创造于上个冰河时期结束时
200 miles to the east lay a huge lake,held in place by a wall of glacial ice.
以东200英里(320公里)的一个巨大的湖泊 曾是冰川
When that wall ruptured,over 2,000 cubic kilometres of water swept out in a single catastrophic event.
当冰川破碎 超过2000立方千米的水造成了灾难性的后果
The flood waters were at least 400 feet deep here.
洪水在这里至少有400英尺深(1200米)
But actually they were another 200 feet stacked on top of that,coming across here.
其实有200英尺的水 在我们头顶上经过
So we would be under 200 feet of water standing right here.
因此 我们是站在200英尺深的水中
So am I to imagine a wave?
那我想象成波浪?
Yeah,a massive wave rolling,rumbling,this water would
是啊 一个巨大的波浪滚动 隆隆作响
be charged full of big chunks of ice from that ice dam.
水浪带动巨大的冰块冲刷这里
It would be loaded with big chunks of the salt bed rock being gouged,ripped out of here.
大块的岩石被挖出 崩裂出去
It would be an impressive sight.
这真是令人印象深刻的景象
As the floodwaters tore across the landscape,they carved out this 20 mile long canyon.
由于洪流席卷了整个景观 它们开辟了20英里长的峡谷
And at its head,it left these giant horseshoes.
并在其头部 留下了这些巨型的"马蹄铁"
At over 400 feet high and five miles across,
超过400英尺高 5英里宽
this was the largest waterfall the world has ever known.
是世界迄今所知的最大的瀑布
The easiest way of thinking about it is if you took every river in the world,put them in
想象它最简单的方法是 如果你把世界每一条河流
the same location,had them flowing at the same time,these floods are 10 times larger than that.
把它们放在同一地点 在同一时间流动 大洪水还是它们的十倍
And how long do we think it took to sculpt this landscape?
要多久才能雕刻出这个景观?
48 hours to a week.
48小时到一周
It's instantaneous,geologically.
瞬间的事情 从地质学的角度看
The Scablands reveal the characteristic signature
"疤谷"揭示这个独特的签名
that water carves into the landscape.
由水雕刻成的景观
It's a signature that can be seen from space,and not just on the Earth.
这是一个从太空可以看到的标志 不仅仅在地球
When we turn our telescopes on our next door neighbour and prime candidate for finding
当我们打开望远镜 对着隔壁邻居
alien life,the planet Mars,
作为寻找外星生命的首选 火星时
we find almost identical features cut into its surface.
我们发现它的表面划过着几乎相同的痕迹
The Red Planet is covered in outflow channels.
这个红色星球隐藏着流出物的渠道
Straight,wide canyons,exactly like the Scablands.
直而宽的峡谷 完全像"疤谷"
And they are filled with identical geological features.
它们有着相同的地质特征
It all suggests that similar huge floods once tore across the surface of Mars.
这一切都表明 相似的一场大洪水横扫整个火星表面
This is a picture of here from the air.
这是一张从空中拍摄的照片
I am sat somewhere around here.
我就坐在这周围
And here are the horseshoe shapes of the dry folds which are just over there.
这里是马蹄形状 就是 在那边
This is a picture taken of the surface of Mars,
这是一张火星地表的照片
and you see those typical horseshoe shapes of the folds.
你可以看到那些典型的马蹄形状的褶皱
Also,you see the structures upstream of the folds,these grooves cut into the landscape.
此外 你看到的结构的上游段 这些沟槽被切成景观
And you see that here,grooves cut into the landscape as the water
而你看这里 水冲刷沟槽
cascades down and then flows over the folds
瀑布流下来 然后水流漫过岩层
and cuts the gigantic valleys out as it moves downstream.
并削去巨大的山谷 因为它要向下游移动
So,all this adds up,I think,to an overwhelming smoking gun
因此 综合这一切 我认为 最确凿的证据是
that there were vast amounts of water that flowed very quickly
曾有非常巨量的水以高速
over the surface of Mars at some point in the past.
流经火星表面 在过去某个时候
But although the outflow channels are proof that liquid water once flowed across Mars,
不过 尽管河道证明火星曾有液态水
it may not point to the existence of life.
但也不能证明生命的存在
Because if the Martian landscapes were formed by the same processes that formed the Scablands on Earth,
因为 如果火星地貌形成的过程 跟地球的一样
the floods that created them may only have lasted a matter of days.
那么洪水创造这些景观只是持续几天的事
For life to get a foothold,you need more than that.
为了给生命一个立足点 需要更多东西
You need areas of standing water.
你需要大片的积水区
Lakes and rivers that persist for millions of years.
湖泊和河流 几百万年地存在
In order to look for evidence of that standing water,we've done the only thing we can,
为了寻找这种水的证据 我们做了唯一可做的
we have sent an army of robotic explorers to the surface of the planet.
我们已经派出一支机器人探险部队到火星表面
We have touch down,we have touch down.
我们降落了 我们降落了
Over the last 35 years,
过去的35年里
we've landed six robot probes on Mars.
我们已经有6个探测器在火星上着陆
And one of them,Opportunity,is still rolling across the surface,investigating the Martian geology.
其中之一 机遇号 仍在火星地表行驶 进行地质勘察
The Mars rovers has really captured our imaginations.
火星探测车确实吸引了我们的想像
I suppose,because they genuinely are explorers in the old-fashioned sense.
我想 它们是用老式感应器来探索的冒险家
They are the extension of our senses to the surface of another world.
它们使我们的意识扩展到另一个世界
But they have also been very important scientifically,because
但它们也非常实事求是
you can't really get to know another planet from orbit.
你不可能从轨道就完全了解另一颗行星
You have got to get down to the surface,you've got to touch it,
你必须到达它的表面 你必须要去接触它
you've got to dig down and examine it microscopically.
挖下去 用显微镜来分析
And the Rovers really have,by doing that,
而漫游者真的做到了
made some extremely important scientific discoveries.
有了一些极其重要的科学发现
One of the most significant of those discoveries was made in November 2004.
其中的大发现是在2004年11月
The Opportunity rover was examining an impact feature called the Endurance crater,
机遇号当时在研究一个叫耐力的陨石坑
when it detected deposits of a remarkable mineral.
它检测到了一片了不起的沉淀物
This is the world's largest salt works on the Baha peninsula in Mexico.
这是世界上最大的盐场 在墨西哥巴哈半岛
And what they do here is pump sea water into these lagoons and let it evaporate.
他们在这里抽取海水 泵入咸水湖中 让它蒸发
What they're after is this stuff,which is sodium chloride,table salt.
之后 就是这东西 氯化钠 食盐
But,at different stages,different salts,different minerals,crystallise out.
但是 不同的阶段 不同的盐份 不同的矿物 会结晶出来
So all the things really that are in sea water emerge,crystallise out
因此 所有的东西都会从海水结晶出来
at different stages of the process.
在不同的阶段
In one of the lagoons,pond number nine,the sea water is at exactly the right concentration
其中一个咸水湖 九号湖 海水在完全正确的浓度下
to precipitate out these beautiful crystals that cover the entire floor of the lagoon.
促使这些美丽的晶体覆盖了整个湖底
This is gypsum,
这是石膏
and it's exactly the same stuff that Opportunity found on the surface of Mars.
和机遇号在火星表面发现的东西一模一样
Now,what's interesting about that discovery is how you make gypsum.
现在 有趣的是 石膏是怎么做出来的
You see,its chemical formula is CaSO4.
你看 它的化学式是CaSO4
So it's calcium sulphate.
也就是硫酸钙
Dihydrate,2H2O.
它还是二水化合物 2个H2O
That's water.
这是水
So,the only way we know of,the only way to make gypsum here on Earth,is to have calcium
只有这样 我们才知道在地球做出石膏的唯一方法
and sulphate ions in the presence of liquid water.
得有钙 并在液态水里有硫酸盐离子的存在
So,large deposits of gypsum on the surface of Mars tells you
因此 大型石膏矿床存在于火星地表 告诉你
that there must have been big areas of water present for a very long time.
那里肯定有过大片的水域 并且存在了很久
The discovery of gypsum has helped to build a picture
石膏的发现 有助于我们建立一个场景
of an ancient Mars that was much warmer and wetter.
远古的火星曾是非常温暖 湿润的星球
Subsequent discoveries of gypsum in networks of sand dunes
沙丘上的石膏表明
suggest that large areas of Mars were once covered in standing water.
火星曾经被大面积积水覆盖
And where there is standing water,there is the chance of life.
有积水 就有生命的可能
This area of the salt flats is,we think,
这片平铺的盐区 我们认为
very similar to areas that have been seen on Mars.
非常相似于在火星见过的地方
And it certainly looks extremely inhospitable.
当然它看起来非常荒凉
It's hard at first sight to see how anything could live here.
第一眼很难看出这里有什么东西可以生存
But,if you just dig
但是 如果你挖一下
a tiny bit below the surface,
在地表以下一点点
then you see that this layer of gypsum is only a few millimetres thick,
你就会看到这样的石膏层只有几毫米厚
and then immediately the ground beneath it turns this greeny colour.
然后立即会发现它下面的土层呈绿色
It's green because that is bacteria that thrive in these seemingly inhospitable conditions.
它是绿色的 因为一些细菌在看似荒凉的条件下 茁壮成长
Now if these bacteria can survive here,
现在 如果这些细菌能够生存在这里
then there seems to be no good reason why they couldn't also have survived and even flourished on Mars
那么似乎没有理由相信 它们不能在火星上生存
when there was water present at some point in the very distant past.
因为当时是有水的 在远古的某个时候存在过
But although it may once have been more hospitable,
尽管它曾经可能很受欢迎
any liquid water has long since disappeared from the surface of Mars.
但任何液态水早已消失在火星表面上
About three billion years ago,it died as a planet.
大约3亿年前 就在星球上消亡
Its core froze and the volcanoes that had produced its atmosphere seized up.
它冻结的核心 不再有火山活动
The solar wind stripped away the remains of that atmosphere.
太阳风剥夺了它残留的大气层
Any liquid water would have evaporated
任何液态水都蒸发了
or soaked into the soil where it froze.
或在土壤中冻结
It left the surface of Mars too cold,too exposed
使得火星表面太冷 太暴露
and too dry to support life.
太干燥 以致无法维持生命
It's highly unlikely that there will be life on the surface of Mars today.
如今基本不可能会有什么生命出现在火星表面
But that's not to say that life couldn't exist somewhere on the Red Planet,
但是 凡事无绝对
maybe we're just looking in the wrong place.
也许我们只是在错误的地方寻找
There are other potential habitats for life on Mars.
火星上可能有未知的生命栖息地
Detailed pictures of the surface show the entrances to caves,
更精细的图片显示 地表有洞穴的入口
revealing the existence of a world beneath the Martian surface.
揭示火星地下世界的存在
We know there may be water down there.
我们知道 那里下面可能有水
Satellite data shows permafrost,ice frozen in the soil.
卫星数据显示 这里有永冻层 冰冻的土壤
Deep below the surface,that ice may melt to form liquid water.
深入到地表下 冰可能融化成液态水
It all hints at an undiscovered subterranean world
这一切都暗示了一个未知的地下世界
that may be a more likely place to find life.
可能是一个能发现生命的地方
If you were to imagine the perfect habitat for life,
想象一下 完美的生命栖息地
then it would surely be somewhere like this.
它肯定像某种地方
A warm climate,lots of liquid water,
气候温暖 丰富的液态水
a beautiful,dense atmosphere.
一个美丽的 厚厚的大气层
You see the results everywhere,just life everywhere you look.
这样的环境到处都是 就像你所看到的
All the life we're familiar with thrives in pretty much the same
所有我们熟知的生命 几乎都有相同
conditions that we do,driven by the heat and light of the sun.
蓬勃发展的条件 温度 阳光
But this is by no means the only life on Earth.
但是 这绝不意味着 只有地球有生命
There's another living planet hidden beneath the surface
或许还有另一种生命在星球的表面下隐藏
that exists in completely different conditions.
存在于完全不同的条件
It raises fascinating possibilities for the caves on Mars.
这就增加了火星洞穴迷人的可能性
This is the Cueva de Villa Luz in Tabasco,Mexico,
这里是Cueva de Villa Luz 墨西哥的Tabasco
the Cave of the House of Light.
光明洞
And it is the definition of a hostile environment to me.
对于我 它是一个恶劣的环境
Because (HE SNIFFS) it's full of hydrogen sulphide gas,hence
因为(他嗅了下) 充满着硫化氢气体 因此
the gas monitor which says at the moment one part per million hydrogen sulphide,very toxic for me,
气体监测仪说 目前每单位有百万硫化氢分子 对我非常有害
which is why I have got this gas mask in case it all gets too much.
所以 我要防毒面具 免得毒气太多
So,it's a place where you,at first sight,
因此 这里 你乍一看
would not expect a great many life forms to survive and flourish.
不指望有许多生命
Although the cave is a death-trap for us,that doesn't mean that nothing lives here.
这个洞穴对于我们是生命禁区 但并不意味不适合其他生命
In fact,it's teeming with life.
事实上 它充满活力
Look at these fish,just everywhere in the cave water. And they're
看这些鱼 到处都有水
adapted to live in these conditions.
它们适应生活在这些条件下
In fact,if you look at them closely,
事实上 如果你近点看
they're quite pink.
它们是粉红色的
That's thought to be because they've got lots of haemoglobin
应该是它们有大量的血红蛋白
because there's not much oxygen down here,
因为这里氧气不多
so they need to have an efficient way of moving oxygen around their bodies.
所以它们需要一个有效的途径来运送周围的氧气.
Beautiful.
好美
But the really interesting life is found in the depths of the caves,
但真正有趣的生命 在洞穴深处
where the concentration of poisonous gas is high enough to set off my alarm.
有毒气体的浓度高到启动了我的警钟
Down here,far from the light of the sun,
下到这里 远离阳光
are organisms whose energy source comes from the air around them.
生命的能量来源 来自这周围的空气
They use the hydrogen sulphide gas bubbling up through these springs.
它们利用这些翻滚起来的硫化氢气体
The same gas that could be fatally poisonous to me
同样的气体 对我是致命的 有毒的
is their source of life.
却是它们的生命之源
These things are what I came deep underground to see.
这些东西是我来到地下深处看到的 (说话如此清晰? )
These are snottites. And you can see why they're called that.
"小鼻涕" 现在知道为啥这样称呼了吧 (汗..不用戴面具? )
They're really one of the most alien life forms that I can conceive of
它们实在是最外星生命的形式之一 我能想像得到
on the Earth
在地球
Because they metabolise hydrogen sulphide,so they metabolise this
因为它们用硫化氢来新陈代谢 所以它们
faintly acidic and nasty gas that I'm just breathing in now.
呼出都是酸性的气体 而我正在呼吸着
You can almost feel it on your tongue,actually,the acidity of it.
你几乎可以感觉到 舌头都是酸的
They metabolise it,they react it with oxygen,and they produce sulphuric acid.
它们新陈代谢 与氧气反应 产生硫酸气体
So their breathing process,if you like,their version of what I do,
在它们的呼吸过程中 我做下描述
I breathe in oxygen,react that with sugars and breathe out CO2 and get energy
我呼吸的氧气与糖发生反应 呼出二氧化碳 获得能源
these guys breathe in hydrogen sulphide and oxygen and produce sulphuric acid.
这些家伙吸入硫化氢和氧气并产出硫酸
In fact,I can test it here with this.
事实上 我可以测试下
(pH试纸)
Yes,you see,look at that.
是的 你看 看这里
That,well,what looks like water,that secretion of dripping off the snottites,has actually got a pH...
然后 嗯 这些看起来像水 实际上它的pH值...
well,it's now about between 0.5 and 0.
哇 它介乎于0.5和0之间
That's strong acid.
强酸
That's as strong as battery acid.
像酸性电池一样酸
It's actually highly concentrated sulphuric acid.
实际上它是高浓度硫酸
So,what a strange organism.
啊 多么奇怪的生物
Alien in every sense of the word.
外星生物 每个感觉都是
Except that it's present on,well,just below the surface,of our planet.
除了现在出现的 只是我们星球地表下发现的
And the snottites are not alone.
"小鼻涕"并不孤单
Organisms that can extract energy from the minerals around them
生物可以从身边的矿物提取能源
are found under the ground all over the world.
世界上所有已知的地下世界
In fact,this way of life is so successful that it's thought there
事实上 这样的生命都如此成功 那么
may be more life living beneath the Earth's surface than there is on it.
可能有更多的生命在更下面的地方生活
And that raises an intriguing possibility.
这提出了一个有趣的可能性
If life can thrive below the Earth's surface,
如果生命能够在地表下茁壮成长
why couldn't organisms like snottites survive and flourish
难道生命就不能像"小鼻涕"一样
beneath the surface of Mars?
在火星地表下繁衍生息?
If you think about it,living below the surface of Mars might actually
想一想 生活在火星地表下确实是
be quite a good idea,because the surface is incredibly hostile.
相当好的主意 因为表面太恶劣了
It's subjected to intense ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
它受到太阳强烈的紫外线辐射
It's a very cold place,and the atmospheric pressure doesn't
而且是个非常寒冷的地方 大气压力
allow liquid water to exist on the surface.
不允许液态水存在于地表
But,if there is life below the surface of Mars,then obviously we have a problem.
但是 如果有生命在火星地下 显然又有个问题
How could you possibly detect it?
你怎么检测它的存在?
Well,actually,there is a perhaps tantalising clue that
嗯 确实 这有个线索 也许
there might be something interesting going on below the Martian surface.
一个有趣的事正发生在火星地下
These are termites,or white ants.
这是白蚁 或白色蚂蚁 (蛋痛的英语)
And they're very unusual animals because they eat wood.
它们是很不寻常的动物 因为它们吃木头
This is their food.
这是它们的食物
There are many,many species of these,billions of individuals across the planet.
它们有许多 许多的物种 地球有数十亿只
And,in the process of digesting wood,they produce the gas methane.
它们在消化木头的过程中 产生甲烷气体
Because there are so many of them,they actually produce an estimated
因为它们实在太多了 它们产生的气体
50 million tonnes of methane
估计有5000万吨的甲烷
and pump it into the Earth's atmosphere every year.
释放到地球大气层 每一年
And it's not just termites.
不仅是白蚁
There's lots of methane naturally in our atmosphere.
有大量的甲烷 我们的大气天生就有
It's all produced either biologically...
不是生物产生的...就是...
or by active geological processes like mud volcanoes.
地质过程中 像泥火山活动中产生的
And that makes it all the more surprising that methane
更令人惊讶的是 甲烷被检测出来
has been detected in the atmosphere of the supposedly dead planet Mars.
在据称是无生命的火星上
It was telescopes on Earth,using infrared spectroscopy,
这是地球上的望远镜 用红外光谱
that first identified methane in Mars's tenuous atmosphere.
首次在火星上微薄的大气中找到甲烷
Those first measurements appeared to show only tiny amounts.
首次测量中 似乎只有少量
But closer observations have revealed that the gas
但仔细观察 发现这些气体
is concentrated in a handful of plumes that vary with the seasons.
随着季节的变化 集中在一个羽毛状
In the warmer summer months,
在温暖的夏季
thousands of tonnes of the gas is released from vents in the surface.
数千吨的气体从地面喷口释放出
Something under the surface of Mars must be producing it.
火星地表下 肯定有产生它的东西
It may be coming from previously unknown geological processes.
可能来自未知的地质过程
But it could be that it's coming from a biological source.
但是 也有可能是生物产生的
Now no-one,I don't think,is seriously suggesting that there
现在没有人 会真的以为
are termites running around beneath the surface of Mars.
白蚁生活在火星地下
But it's not actually the termites that are particularly interesting about this story.
但故事有趣的地方不是白蚁
It's the way they digest the wood.
而是它们消化木材的方式
You see,they use symbiotic bacteria,bacteria that live in their guts,called Archaea.
你看 它们在生活中使用的共生菌 细菌 称为古细菌
And Archaea,these bacteria that can digest wood and produce methane,
古细菌 可以消化木材 产生甲烷
are the most common organisms beneath the surface of the Earth.
是地表下最常见的生物
The snottites are members of the Archaea,
"小鼻涕"也是古细菌的成员
as are many of the microorganisms found living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
正如在深海热液喷周围发现的许多微生物一样
In fact,it's Archaea that we find thriving in many of the Earth's most extreme environments.
古细菌在地球最极端的环境中都活得很好
So I think it's quite a fascinating prospect that the methane we see
因此 我们看到了甲烷 我认为很可能
in Mars's atmosphere might just be produced by organisms like Archaea,
火星的大气层就是像古菌生物产生的
living below the Martian surface.
生活在火星地下
But while Mars remains a tantalising possibility,
不过 虽然火星仍然有最大的可能性
it's no longer the only place in the solar system
但它不再是太阳系中唯一一个
we think could harbour alien life.
我们认为有外星生命的地方
Far out,a billion kilometres from the sun,
远方 离太阳10亿公里
the solar system becomes a very different place.
这里的太阳系是个与众不同的地方
The planets,like Saturn,are made of gas,not rock.
行星 例如土星 由气体构成 而不是岩石
There's plenty of water out here,but it's frozen solid.
有大量的水存在 却是冰冻的固体
The planets are surrounded by networks of moons,carved from ice.
土星的卫星网络 都来自于冰
They're cold and desolate.
它们寒冷 荒凉
They don't seem likely places to find life.
它们似乎不是能找到生命的地方
Any places on Earth remotely similar are completely barren.
地球上任何地方远远不像这里的完全荒芜
This is central Iceland.
这里是冰岛中心
And,at this time of year,in mid-November,it's an increasingly inhospitable place.
每年的这个时候 11月中旬 这里就逐渐荒凉
It's about 3 o'clock in the afternoon,it's already well below freezing.
下午三时 温度已经远低于冰点
The sun is dipping below the horizon.
太阳在地平线以下
And it will stay this way for another six months.
这种状态会持续6个月
And there's pretty much no visible life here at all.
这里几乎没有明显的生命痕迹
There are no trees,no grass,and just listen.
没有树 没有草 听...
SILENCE
寂静
No insects,no birds.
没有虫叫 没有鸟鸣
Nothing.
啥都没
But it's because these places are so cold and inhospitable
但正是这种寒冷荒凉
that they're of increasing interest to astro-biologists.
引起了天文生物学家的兴趣
Because discoveries in these frozen places of Earth have raised new hope
因为这里冰冻的地方有了新的发现
of finding life among the icy worlds of the outer solar system.
增加了太阳系外域找到生命的希望
And in those frozen wastes
在这些冷冻的废料里
we have found one world that is of particular interest.
我们发现了一个特别有趣的世界
It's one of Jupiter's moons.
它是木星的卫星之一
Jupiter has a vast network of moons.
木星有一个庞大的卫星网络
The four largest have been known
已知的最大四颗
since they were discovered by Galileo in 1610.
由伽利略于1610年发现
And they're a varied bunch.
它们各不相同
Closest to the planet is the tortured moon Io.
最靠近的是木卫一 Io
It's torn apart by volcanoes that carpet its surface with bright yellow sulphur.
它破裂的地表 铺盖着火山喷出的黄色硫磺
In total contrast to the heat of Io comes its neighbour,
温度与之相反的是 木卫一的邻居
the ice moon Europa.
冰球Europa 木卫二
It's about the same size as our moon.
跟我们月球大小相同
And it's the smoothest body in the solar system.
而且它是太阳系中最光滑的星球
Its surface is made of an unbroken shell of ice.
它的表面是一层不间断的冰壳
Though it's etched with a network of mysterious red markings.
尽管有一条神秘的红色标记蚀刻在表面
It exists at a chilly minus 160 Celsius.
它存在于极寒的零下160摄氏度
It seems an incredibly unlikely home for life.
它绝对不像一个生命之家
The photographs of Europa from space
从太空拍到的木卫二
reveal a vast,icy wilderness.
是一个广阔 冰冷的荒野
But,if you look more closely,then you start to see surface features.
但是 如果你仔细看 你会看到一些地表特征
And those features tell you a lot about what's going on deep beneath the ice.
这些特征会告诉你冰层下有什么
Close-up,we can see deep cracks that criss-cross the surface of Europa.
特写镜头 深深的裂缝纵横交错 跨越木卫二表面
At higher magnification
更高倍率下
we see areas where the ice has been broken into icebergs
我们看到一些冰层已经破碎为冰山
and jumbled up before refreezing.
乱糟糟的
We see the same formations in sea ice on Earth,
地球上的海冰也是同一构成
where the movements of the ocean have caused the ice to bend and crack.
海洋运动中造成了冰山弯曲 崩裂
It suggests something similar may be happening on Europa.
这表明类似的事情 木卫二也可能会发生
But it's the way the cracks are broken and fractured that provide
它裂缝破碎的方式 提供了
the compelling evidence that there is liquid water on Europa.
令人信服的证据 木卫二存在过液态水
You see,as Europa orbits around Jupiter,
你看 木卫一环绕木星的轨道
Jupiter's intense gravity stretches and squashes the moon.
木星强烈的引力又拉伸又挤压它
And that stresses the ice and causes it to fracture and crack.
从而导致其冰壳断裂和破碎
But the position of those cracks is not quite where you would expect it to be.
但是这些裂缝的位置不像你期望的那样
And the explanation for that is that the icy surface of Europa
对木卫二冰冻表面的解释是
has shifted,it's moved relative to the rocky core.
相对于岩石的核心 它漂移过
And the only way that could happen is if there's a layer,or an ocean of liquid water,
而唯一可能发生的是 假设有液态水的海洋
surrounding the rocky core that allows the outer ice surface to slip around.
包裹着岩石核心 允许外冰层在上面滑动
Measurements of Europa's magnetic field have confirmed that its icy shell
木卫二的磁场测量证实 它的冰壳
is sitting on top of a salty ocean that may be a staggering 100km deep.
下面有100公里深的海洋
That would mean that there is more than twice as much life-giving
意味着在这个小小的卫星
liquid water on this tiny moon than there is on planet Earth.
它的液态水是地球上的两倍
But it's not just the discovery of the hidden ocean
但不只是发现了隐藏的海洋
that makes us believe that Europa may be the most likely home to alien life.
我们相信 木卫二很可能是最有希望的外星生命的家园
And that's why I've come to this spectacular ice cave in the Vatnajokull glacier.
这就是我来到瓦特纳冰原冰川上的冰洞穴的原因
You see,the laws of nature are universal.
你看 自然界的规律是普遍适用的
That may not only apply to laws of physics,but also to the laws of biology as well.
这不仅适用于物理定律 也适用于生物定律
And if that's the case,
如果是这种情况
then what we find in these ice caves of Iceland may tell us something
那么冰岛这些洞穴的发现也许会告诉一些
about what we could expect to find below the frozen surface of Europa.
我们期望木卫二冰冻的地表下的东西
It's hard to describe this place.
难以用言语表达
It's absolutely magnificent.
绝对的壮观
Visually,the quality of the ice,it's just completely
视觉上 冰的质量
transparent and clear.
完全是清晰透明的
You can see straight through it.
你可以直接看到它
The cave tunnels into the heart of the glacier,
冰川中心的山洞隧道
where the ice has been frozen for a thousand years.
其中一些冰已经冻结了1000年
It's what astro-biologists find in this ice
天文生物学家在此找到的冰
that makes us think that Europa could be teeming with life.
使我们认为 木卫二可能充满生命
NASA scientist Richard Hoover
美国宇航局科学家理查德胡佛
has spent his career looking for life in unlikely places.
他的职业就是在不可能的地方寻找生命
Well,that went very well.
嗯 很顺利
OK. So,will any organisms that you find in that ice be living in a sense that I would understand it?
(意为: 我怎么知道你在这些冰上找到的生命还活着呢)
They're actually alive now,and metabolising?
它们其实现在还活着 并且新陈代谢?
For a long time it was thought that ice microorganisms
长期以来人们认为冰冻的微生物
were present only in a state of what is called deep anabiosis.
有一种所谓的深层复苏状态
Suspended animation. It's now becoming quite clear that that isn't necessarily
假死 现在很清楚了 这不是所有微生物所必要的
the case for all the microorganisms,there may be others that are actually actively living in the ice.
它们有些实际上是很活跃地生活在冰里
So in this glacier,the whole place,this whole cave
因此 在这个冰川 这整个地方 整个洞穴
may be populated by living things,not frozen things?
都居住着生命 不是冷冻的冰块?
Things existing,living,cell dividing,reproducing,all the things you do?
所有存活的东西 都在生活 细胞分裂 繁殖?
All of this.
是的
It's this prospect of finding things living in solid ice
寻找藏在固冰中的生命的前景
that has had the greatest impact
给我们带来了最大的影响
on our ideas of where life could survive in the solar system.
冲击着我们的观念 太阳系哪里才是可以生存的地方
OK,we're at lowest magnification.
行 我们现在是最低放大倍率
So,that is 100,000 millionths of a metre?
那就是十万分之一米
Yes. We have bacteria.
是 我们找到细菌了
So,these are organisms that have been trapped in that glacier for thousands of years?
这些都是已经被困几千年冰川的有机体?
Yes,look at this.
是的 看看这个
Beautiful. You're seeing life in ice.
漂亮 你看到了在冰中的生命
We now know that some microorganisms
我们现在知道 一些微生物
are capable of actually causing the ice to melt,
实际上有融化冰的能力
because they generate,essentially,anti-freeze proteins.
因为它们产生 本质上 是防冻剂的蛋白质
They change the temperature at which ice goes from a solid state to a liquid state.
当固态冰变为液态时 它们改变了温度
And they could have been forming little tiny pockets,
它们的形态很小
maybe only a few microns in diameter,
也许直径只有几微米
but if he can make a two or three micron diameter ball of liquid water,
但如果它能产生2到3微米直径的液态水球
and he has the ability to move,
它就可以移动
then that bacterium is now not in a glacier,but he's in an ocean.
这种细菌不仅在冰川 也在海洋
What are the implications of these discoveries?
这些发现有什么影响?
The fact that you've got living bacteria inside ice on Earth,what are the implications for Europa?
在地球找到的生活在冰里的细菌 对木卫一有什么影响?
You can clearly have bacteria like this in the frozen ice near the surface crust.
你确实能找到这样的细菌 在地壳附近的固冰里
And the thing that is most exciting to me,
对我来说最兴奋的是
is that surface crust of Europa has a wide variety of colours
木卫二的表面 有多种颜色
that are highly suggestive of microbial life.
明确暗示着有微生物生命存在
And so there is a very,very strong possibility
所以 那里有非常 非常大的可能
that the ice of Europa may contain viable,living microorganisms.
木卫二冰层含有活着的微生物
It's a controversial idea,but it is a dizzying thought
这是个有争议的观点 但它让人深思
that the mysterious red stains on the surface of Europa
木卫二表面神秘的红色斑点
could be the visible signs of alien life.
会不会是外星生命的迹象
The discovery of the huge ocean of liquid water
这个发现
under the surface of this tiny moon,combined with the potential for life in ice,
小卫星下的巨型海洋 结合能在冰里生存的生命
and the intriguing red markings that criss-cross its surface,
以及耐人寻味的红色标记
have made Europa the most fascinating and important alien world we know.
使木卫一成为最迷人 最重要的外星世界
A true wonder of the solar system,
一个太阳系里真正的奇迹
because it's our best hope of finding extraterrestrial life.
因为它是我们寻找外星生命的最大希望
That question,are we alone in the universe?
问题是 宇宙中 只有我们吗?
Is this the only planet amongst the billions of planets in our galaxy,
我们是银河系里唯一的
amongst the billions of galaxies in the universe,that harbours life?
是宇宙之中数十亿的星系 生命的港口?
Is,I think,one of the most important questions,
我认为 也许最重要的问题是
perhaps THE most important question that we can ask.
为何我们能提出疑问
Think about what it would mean for us
想想这对我们意味着什么
if the answer was that there was no other life in the solar system,
如果太阳系里没有其他生命
in our galaxy,perhaps even in the universe.
我们的银河系 甚至连宇宙中都没有
How valuable would that make planet Earth?
我们的地球有多珍贵?
How valuable would that make us?
我们有多珍贵?
But then imagine that the answer is that,on every moon of every planet
但想下这个回答 每一颗星球上的每一颗卫星
where the conditions are right,then life survives and flourishes.
那里的条件是正确的话 那么生命就能生存和繁衍
That makes us part of a wider cosmic community,
使我们成为广泛的宇宙成员的一部分
if the universe is teeming with life.
如果宇宙充满生命的话
If knowing the answer to the question is so profoundly important,
如果知道问题的答案是如此深刻重要
then surely striving to find the answer should be of overwhelming importance.
那么寻找答案的努力应该是绝对压倒一切的重要
I believe it's the most important question you can possibly ask.
我相信 这是你会问到的最重要的问题了
Because we have a chance of answering it.
因为我们有一个回答的机会
What we've learned from the extreme places on Earth
我们已经从地球上最极端的地方学到了知识
is that,if there is life out there in the solar system,it will almost certainly be simple.
如果有生命在太阳系 它基本上是很简单的
Single-celled organisms like bacteria eking out an existence in the most hostile of environments.
单细胞有机体 像细菌在最恶劣的环境中生存
One thing seems certain.
似乎只有这点可以肯定
The only place in the solar system where there is complex life,
太阳系里有着复杂的生命 唯一的地方
life that can build a civilisation,
生存 然后可以建立文明
is here on planet Earth.
在这里 地球
But how did that happen? What is it that makes our world so special?
但是 这是怎么发生的? 是什么使我们的世界如此特别?
Because,after all,everything in the solar system shares the same genesis.
因为 毕竟 太阳系的一切都是共同的起源
It was all created out of nothing more than a spinning cloud of gas and dust 4.5 billion years ago.
这一切创造出来的只不过是 45亿年前的尘埃云
Solid worlds condensed out of the swirling mists.
(固体世界浓缩出云雾氤氲)
But those worlds were radically different.
但这些世界却完全不同
Around the solar system,there are worlds that erupt with volcanoes of sulphur.
太阳系 到处都有爆发硫酸的火山
And others with geysers of ice.
还有喷冰的
There are worlds with rich atmospheres and swirling storms.
有丰富的气体 旋涡风暴的世界
And there are moons carved from ice
还有来自冰雕的卫星
that hide huge oceans of liquid water.
隐藏着巨大液态水的海洋
But there's only one world where the laws of physics have conspired
但世界上只有一个地方
to combine all these features in one place.
结合了物理定律 碰巧地在一个地方 都有这些特征
On Earth,the temperature and atmospheric pressure are just right
地球上 温度和大气压 恰到好处
to allow oceans of liquid water to exist on the surface of the planet.
允许液态水 存在于它的表面
And it's big enough to have retained its molten core
它的体积足以保留其熔化的核心
that not only powers geysers and volcanoes,
不仅有间歇泉和火山
but also produces our magnetic field
也产生我们的磁场
that fends off the solar wind and protects our thick,nurturing atmosphere.
避免了太阳风 保护了我们的大气层
It's the combination of all those wonders in one place
它将所有这些奇迹都组合在同一个地方
that allowed life to begin and to get a foothold here on Earth.
使得生命有了一个可以生存的立足点
But,to allow that life to evolve into such complex creatures as ourselves
但是 使生命进化成到我们这样的复杂生物
requires one more ingredient.
还需要一个重要因素
And that's time. Deep time.
时间 漫长的时间
The kind of time over which mountains rise and fall,and planets are formed and stars live and die.
它让群山起伏 行星形成 恒星的生和死
And it's perhaps that that makes the earth so rare and so precious in the cosmos.
它使得地球如此罕见 在宇宙如此珍贵
Because it's been stable enough for long enough for life to evolve
因为它已经足够稳定 使生命能有的足够时间
into such magnificent complexity.
来进化到如此壮观的复杂性
The life we have on Earth today is the result of millions of years of stability.
地球上的生命能有今天 得益于亿万年的稳定
And the pinnacle of that is us,humankind.
而该顶峰就是我们 人类
A species that has developed to the point where we can bend
一个已经发展到可以屈服
and shape and change the world around us.
塑造和改变我们周围世界的物种
We have even left our own planet behind
我们甚至不拘于自己的行星
to begin exploring our cosmic surroundings.
开始探索我们的宇宙环境
You could take the view that our exploration of the universe
对宇宙的探索
has made us somehow insignificant.
让我们觉得自己微不足道
One tiny planet around one star amongst hundreds of billions.
一个围绕着太阳 数千亿中的一员
But I don't take that view.
但我不这样认为
Because we've discovered that it takes the rarest combination of chance,and the laws of nature,
因为我们发现 结合最最稀有的机遇 以及自然规律
to produce a planet that can support a civilisation.
诞生一颗行星 它足以承载文明
That most magnificent structure
这最壮丽的构造
that allows us to explore and understand the universe.
使我们能够探索和了解宇宙
And that's why,for me,our civilisation is THE wonder of the solar system.
对我来说 我们的文明就是太阳系的奇迹
# "Calling Occupants Of Interplanetary Craft" by the Carpenters #
# Calling occupants of interplanetary craft #
# Calling occupants... #
And if you were to be looking at the Earth from outside the solar system,
如果你要寻找太阳系外的"地球"
that much would be obvious.
很大程度上将是显而易见的
# Calling occupants of interplanetary craft... #
We have written the evidence of our existence onto the surface of our planet.
我们已经在星球表面 刻画上我们存在的证据
Our civilisation has become a beacon that identifies our planet as home to life.
我们的文明已经成为一座灯塔 标识着我们是生命乐园的星球
# We'd like to make a contact with you #
# Calling occupants of interplanetary,anti-adversary craft #
# We are your friends #
# We are your friends... #
If you'd like to know more about the solar system,
如果你想知道更多有关太阳系的资料 请到以下网址